Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects the brain, impacting how people think, communicate, and experience the world. Autism exists on a spectrum because symptoms and support needs vary a lot. They're different for everyone. The cause isn't fully known, but genetics and environment may both play a role. Signs of autism often appear before age three, though a diagnosis often comes later.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
How common is autism?
Diagnoses have increased over the last few decades, likely due to better awareness and testing.
For Parents and Caregivers: What should I do if I think my child has autism?
Talk to a medical provider. Keep in mind, you know your child best. Not all doctors understand autism or neurodiversity (a catch-all term for variations in how human brains are wired), so don't hesitate to ask questions or get a second opinion. Developmental pediatricians and child psychologists can do a formal evaluation. Waitlists can be long, so schedule as soon as you can.
For Youth: What if I think I might be autistic?
Some autistic people feel overwhelmed or uneasy but use masking — hiding true feelings or thoughts — to fit in. If you think you might be autistic, talk to a parent, doctor, or other adult you trust. Support can make a difference, even without a diagnosis.
What can I do NOW?
A diagnosis isn't required to get help. Children under three with a developmental delay may qualify for free Early Intervention services. Schools cannot (and should not) diagnose, but can support students aged three and up. Contact your district's special education office to learn more. Common therapies include:
- Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA): Teaches skills and behavior. (Some find it helpful, but others feel it forces autistic people to conform. There is nothing wrong with being autistic!)
- Speech therapy: Helps with communicating and understanding others.
- Occupational therapy: Teaches daily life skills.
What services are available for autistic children with higher support needs?
Home and community-based services are available. New York State's Office for People with Developmental Disabilities (OPWDD) offers children and adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) a comprehensive range of services throughout their lives.
What other conditions sometimes occur with autism?
Conditions that may occur along with autism include: anxiety, depression, ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), epilepsy, gastrointestinal disorders, and immune disorders.
Talking with a Medical Provider
When talking with medical professionals, you might want to share:
- Any observations and concerns — your own and from others — about your child's development
- How behavior differs from peers
- Home videos of everyday behavior
What You Can Do at Home
Strategies used to support autistic people are useful for all of us! Some ideas:
- Build a structured routine: Schedules and predictability can reduce stress.
- Use simple language: Less is more. Instead of "Please pick up your coat and hang it over there," try "Please hang up your coat."
- Socialize: Look for shared interests. Encourage taking turns in games and conversations.
- Focus on positives: Praise what's going well. Notice and comment. For example, say "Thank you for sharing!" or "I love how kind and gentle you are with Paws!"
Getting help and learning about autism is a journey. You're not alone!
Go Deeper
Find Resources
Search New York State
Families, caregivers, youth, and community partners in New York State can use this searchable resource guide to find information, services, and support. ACT for Youth.
Office for People With Developmental Disabilities (OPWDD)
In New York State: As a family member, you can get help to support your loved one in the family home with the assistance of support services. If you are a person with developmental disabilities who wants to live independently in your community, you can find employment training and support, volunteer opportunities, and other types of community engagement. If you or your loved one has higher needs that require more intensive supports, residential and day services may also be available. OPWDD.
Family Resources: Autism
Explore the basics of autism spectrum disorder, from diagnosis and therapies to medication and resources that support kids and families. Child Mind Institute.
Articles for Parents of Autistic Children
This collection of articles covers early signs of autism, supporting teens, therapies, diagnosis, and much more. American Academy of Pediatricians.
Therapies
Therapies and Treatments
This website explores current autism treatments, evidence that supports their use, and what we are learning from the experience of individuals and families who have tried them. Kennedy Krieger Institute.
Intervention and Therapies
Just as there is no singular symptom or behavior that identifies people with autism, there is no single intervention that will be effective for everyone who experiences autism. Here, find a collection of interventions with brief descriptions, and guidance on how to evaluate the options. Autism Society.
About This Series
This series of handouts and web pages on health conditions was written by clinicians in Weill Cornell Medicine's Pediatric Mental Health Integration Program, partners in the ACT for Youth CYSHCN Program Center of Excellence at Cornell University.
